Musings on Judgment before the Divine Tribunal of Justice
In my last two musings on “pagans and heaven” and “limbo”, arising from an article by Fr. James Gilhooley; [Source: National Catholic REGISTER – Nov. 26 – Dec. 2 2006,] I would like to explore the elements likely to be present at our own Divine judgment of our soul when we die.
Propositions:
P1 – Our death occurs when God withdraws from our body the immortal soul which He created at our conception in His image and likeness to know, love and serve Him in this world and to be happy with Him in the next. God, motivated by love created us as “sons of God and heirs of heaven”
P2 – Our immortal soul, created by the power of the Holy Spirit, is eternal and is our persona. Our soul will never die. At our death we, in the form of our soul, will be judged, as to merit hell or heaven, before the Divine Tribunal of Justice
P3 – Hell, created by God, is where the soul is tortured forever and ever. [My 'Musings on Limbo" elaborate what hell is.]
P4 – Heaven is where the souls see God forever as God wants us to see Him. [My “Musings on Limbo” elaborate what heaven consists in, including purgatory where some souls have to have the stains of sin cleansed from their soul.]
P5 – At conception God gave us free will to choose to do good or evil deeds, which makes each one personally responsible and accountable for their actions.
P6 – At conception God gave us a conscience which has the power to judge our actions, using the souls God-imbedded rules of the Natural Law, and makes one aware of their goodness or badness.
Musings:
M1 – What is this Divine Tribunal of Justice? I think we only need to look at our court systems in developed civilizations. Basically a person is brought before a judge to answer to charges leveled against him by a prosecutor. In a general overview of the court procedure he prosecutor presents the facts in the case. The person is asked to plead – “What say you?” If the person pleads “guilty”, the judge asks if there is anything to say before judgment is passed. The person can ask for mercy or remain silent. The judge seeks recommendations from the prosecutor. The judge passes judgment and determines the punishment, if any. Case is closed. If the person pleads “not guilty” then a trial of facts begins –prosecutor versus defense attorney, then a verdict and so on. M2 – How did humans arrive at such procedures as being respectful of the person? I think we unwittingly emulate a similar procedure instituted by God [see P1, P2]. Somehow we are being guided and prompted in the interacting with God and our neighbor. M3 – Maybe the Divine Tribunal of Justice works like this:
1. Tribunal is composed of 3 persons – Father [as Judge], — Son [as Defender] – Holy Spirit [as Prosecutor].
2. A human soul [as defendant]
3. The Prosecutor, the Holy Spirit, displays the defendant’s life of deeds for all to see. This is where there are no lies, no alibis, etc. Just the facts are shown, including true intentions, true circumstances, etc. Even the true levels are shown of knowledge and understanding, etc. The truthfulness and clarity of the defendants good and bad deeds will be well understood by the defendant. The defendant understands himself for the first time and his degree of holiness with respect to his Creator.
4. The Prosecutor sums up the good and the bad, if any. If none, the Divine Tribunal welcomes this soul into heaven as a member of the Community of Saints.
5. If there are bad actions, the Judge asks the defendant how he pleads as to the bad.
6. The defendant can respond in several ways:
a. Admits guilt and sorrow with a plea for Divine Mercy
b. Admits guilt with no expression of sorrow
c. Rebukes the Tribunal with expressions of hatred
7. The Judge asks His Son, Jesus Christ, the Defender, if He has anything to say:
a. The Defender could respond – “I do not know this person!” but gives council to the Judge as to mercy.
b. The Defender would respond if the person was a baptized person who died in the “state of Grace” – I know this person and could recommend some degree of Divine Mercy.
8. The Judge issues His final judgment of the defendant:
a. Complete exoneration of guilt with direct access to the Community of Saints or
b. Guilty but with reduced time in Purgatory based on attitude of sorrow and good works in his life or
c. Guilty without mitigating time of punishment in Purgatory or
d. Guilty with an eternity of punishment in Hell.
M4 – Judgment is a very complex subject; but natural to do. God’s gift of a soul to us has the basic functional elements of judging. We are born with the basic cognitive ability to compare one thing with another thing. In the area of morality, where our activities have a moral aspect, we were given by God a set of rules, based on His moral law. Our souls are “wired” to normally compare actions, to be taken or being taken or yet to be taken, against these moral laws to determine the moral goodness or evil of them.
This process is done naturally by our conscience. Conscience is the functional means of our being accountable for our obedience to these rules. However, God gave each a free will to choose to do good or evil actions. This means that willful evil actions carry a penalty. We have a current quip, “If you do the crime you do the time.” Our worldly justice system embodies this mantra. God has communicated to us in many ways through many religions and more importantly through our own internal reaction when we commit an action. Evil deeds produce revulsion, while good deeds produce elation.
Our actions are motivated by love, the same motivation that God has as our Creator, or by hatred, the same motivation that Satan has as our enemy. Both prompt us to do act using love. Love of God or love of self, Godless love, as the motivation. Therein is the difficulty for us to discern our true motivation, and then choose to do God’s will or the Devil’s will. [“The Screwtape Letters” by C. S. Lewis provide insights of insidious ways we should consider an evil action as good.] Who has the right to judge? Well in the basic sense of personal accountability each of us has an obligation to judge our actions as good or evil. But do we have the right to judge the actions of others as being good or evil? Yes, in the sense that another’s action is in conformance or nonconformance with rules or laws, we use our judgments as a guide to determine our response. In the “Our Father”, given to us by Christ, in the words “deliver us from evil and lead us not into temptation”, we ask for God’s help in doing His will. We are obligated to use these judgments to guide our own actions towards doing good and avoiding evil. With our free will, which God does not control, we receive, through our conscience, guidance on the morality of our actions from God, which we are free to use or ignore. This is each of us is accountable to God for our actions.
M5 – Forgiveness is a very important component in judgment. Offenses to other humans and to God incur punishment which must be addressed before we die or when we die. We often express sorrow and ask forgiveness for offenses against others and God, leaving the person offended the choice of forgiveness and at times a requirement for atonement. This process is evident at all levels of our civilization. It is well to remember that when Christ was hanging on His cross, He asked His Father in heaven “Father forgive them for they know not what they do!” Who is “them”? “Them” includes the chief priests of His Jewish people and others. We can be assured that no offense we commit will be worse than the crime of deicide.
Our need is to confess to our guilt and express sorrow and ask for forgiveness; but this requires us to humble ourselves before the offended. M6 – Mercy is also a very important component in judgment. Mercy is used by the one offended to remit all or part of the punishment due to our offenses. This is also frequently used by us, our parents, and other levels of civilization, including our court systems, when finding some redeeming aspects of our actions. It is also used by God. It is also well to remember that when Christ was hanging on His cross, one of the thieves being crucified confessed publicly to his guilt and to his belief that Christ was innocent. He turned to Christ and said “Remember me when you come into your kingdom!” Christ looked at him and said “This day you will be with Me in paradise!” Wow!! This thief had a death bed confession and received Divine Mercy which remitted all atonement and punishment. The thief recognized the goodness of the Lord and responded to Christ after he heard Christ asking His Father to forgive the Jewish leaders and others. Divine Mercy is available to all who recognize they have offended and confess.
M6 – The bottom line for us that gaining our inheritance in heaven is largely dependent on our actions being motivated by love of God, our Father, rather than love of self (self gratification). Trusting in God and freely submitting our will to the good promptings from God is our life long battle. We need to heed the promptings of the Holy Spirit in our conscience to do good, much like the 3 Kings from the East who heeded promptings of the Holy Spirit and traveled from afar to pay homage in Bethlehem to Jesus Christ who restored our rights, forfeited by Adam, to our inheritance by His Crucifixion and Resurrection.
Submitted by Paul D Kearns
Responses to: cispkearns@aol.com
Dec. 8, 2006 © rev 12/24/07